AGRO -ECOLOGICAL REGIONS OF
INDIA
Another classification that is
relevant in understanding the cropping patterns and agricultural practices of
the country is that based on the ecological features of different regions. This
classification also takes into account the period for which crops can be grown
naturally in the region. The classification is given below:
Arid Ecosystem
1. Western Himalayas, cold arid
ecoregion, with shallow skeletal soils & length of Growing Period (GP)
<90 days
2. Western Plain, Kachchh and
part of Kathiawar Peninsula , hot arid ecoregion, with desert & saline
soils & GP <90 days
3. Deccan Plateau, hot arid
ecoregion, with Red & Black soils & GP <90 days
Semiarid Ecosystem
4. Northern Plain and Central
Highlands including Aravallis, hot semi-arid ecoregion, with Alluvium derived
soils & GP 90-150 days
5. Central (Malwa) Highlands,
Gujarat Plains & Kathiawar Peninsula , hot semi-arid ecoregion, with medium
& deep Black soils & GP 90-150 days
6. Deccan Plateau, hot
semi-arid ecoregion with shallow and medium (with inclusion of deep) Black
soils & GP 90-150 days
7. Deccan (Telangana) Plateau
and Eastern Ghats , hot semi-arid ecoregion, with Red & Black soils &
GP 90-150 days
8. Eastern Ghats , TN uplands
and Deccan (Karnataka) Plateau, hot semi-arid ecoregion with Red loamy soils
& GP 90-150 days
Subhumid Ecosystem
9. Northern Plain, hot subhumid
(dry) ecoregion, with Alluvium-derived soils & GP 150- 180 days
10. Central Highlands (Malwa,
Bundelkhand & Satputra), hot subhumid ecoregion, with Black and Red Soils
& GP 150-180 (to 210) days
11. Eastern Plateau
(Chhatisgarh), hot subhumid ecoregion, with Red & Yellow soils, & GP
150-180 days
12. Eastern (Chhotanagpur)
Plateau and Eastern Ghats , hot subhumid ecoregion, with Red & Lateritic
soils & GP 150-180 (to 210) days
13. Eastern Plain, hot subhumid
(moist) ecoregion, with Alluvium-derived soils & GP 180 - 210 days
14. Western Himalayas, warm
subhumid (to humid with inclusion of perhumid ecoregion with Brown forest and
Podzolic soils, & GP 180-210 + days
Humid-Perhumid
Ecosystem
15. Bengal and Assam Plain, hot
subhumid (moist) to humid (inclusion of perhumid) ecoregion, with Alluvium-derived
soils & GP 210 + days
16. Eastern Himalayas , warm
perhumid ecoregion, with Brown and Red hill soils, & GP 210 + days
17. North-eastern Hills
(Purvachal), warm perhumid ecoregion, with Red and Lateritic soils & GP 210
+ days . Coastal Ecosystem
18. Eastern Coastal Plain, hot
subhumid to semi-arid ecoregion, with Coastal Alluvium- derived soils & GP
90-210 + days
19. Western Ghats & Coastal
Plain, hot humid perhumid ecoregion, with Red, Lateritic and Alluvium- derived
soils and GP 219 + days
Island Ecosystem
20. Islands of Andaman-Nicobar
and Lakshadweeo hot humid to perhumid island ecoregion, with Red loamy and
Sandy soils and GP 210+ days
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